Monday, November 08, 2010

How to send email from the Linux command line using mail and mutt.

The Linux command line can be very powerful once you know how to use it. You can parse data, monitor processes, and do a lot of other useful and cool things using it. We will begin with the “mail” command.

MAIL

First run a quick test to make sure the “sendmail” application is installed and working correctly.

# rpm -qa | grep sendmail

The output should give you the version of sendmail installed "sendmail-8.13.8-2.el5".

Then execute the following command, replacing “abc@xyzemail.com” with your e-mail address.

# mail -s “Test email” abc@xyzemail.com

Hit the return key and you will come to a new line. Enter the text “This is a test mail”.
Follow up the text by hitting the return key again. Then hit the key combination of Control+D to continue.
The command prompt will ask you if you want to mark a copy of the mail to any other address, hit Control+D again.
Check your mailbox. This command will send out a mail to the email id mentioned with the subject, “Test email”.

To add content to the body of the mail while running the command you can use the following options. If you want to add text on your own:

# echo “This will go into the body of the mail.” | mail -s “Test email” abc@xyzemail.com

And if you want mail to read the content from a file:

# mail -s “Test email” abc@xyzemail.com < /home/oracle/test.log

Some other useful options in the mail command are:

-s subject (The subject of the mail)
-c email-address (Mark a copy to this “email-address”, or CC)
-b email-address (Mark a blind carbon copy to this “email-address”, or BCC)

Here’s how you might use these options:

# echo “This will go into the body of the mail” | mail -s “Test email” abc@xyzemail.com -c lmn@xyzemail.com -b pqr@xyzemail.com

MUTT

One of major drawbacks of using the mail command is that it does not support the sending of attachments. mutt, on the other hand, does support it. I’ve found this feature particularly useful for scripts that generate non-textual reports or backups which are relatively small in size which I’d like to backup elsewhere. Of course, mutt allows you to do a lot more than just send attachments. It is a much more complete command line mail client than the “mail” command. Right now we’ll just explore the basic stuff we might need often. Here’s how you would attach a file to a mail:

# echo “Sending an attachment.” | mutt -a backup.zip -s “attachment” abc@xyzemail.com

This command will send a mail to abc@xyzemail.com with the subject (-s) “attachment”, the body text “Sending an attachment.”, containing the attachment (-a) backup.zip. Like with the mail command you can use the “-c” option to mark a copy to another mail id.

SENDING MAIL FROM A SHELL SCRIPT

Now, with the basics covered you can send mails from your shell scripts. Here’s a simple shell script that gives you a reading of the usage of space on your partitions and mails the data to you.

#!/bin/bash
df -h | mail -s “disk space report” abc@xyzemail.com

Save these lines in a file on your Linux server and run it. You should receive a mail containing the results of the command. If, however, you need to send more data than just this you will need to write the data to a text file and enter it into the mail body while composing the mail. Here’s and example of a shell script that gets the disk usage as well as the memory usage, writes the data into a temporary file, and then enters it all into the body of the mail being sent out:

#!/bin/bash
df -h > /tmp/mail_report.log
free -m >> /tmp/mail_report.log
mail -s “disk and RAM report” abc@xyzemail.com < /tmp/mail_report.log

Now here’s a more complicated problem. You have to take a backup of a few files and mail then out. First the directory to be mailed out is archived. Then it is sent as an email attachment using mutt. Here’s a script to do just that:

#!/bin/bash
tar -zcf /tmp/backup.tar.gz /home/oracle/files
echo | mutt -a /tmp/backup.tar.gz -s “daily backup of data” abc@xyzemail.com

The echo at the start of the last line adds a blank into the body of the mail being set out.

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